I'm the author of a paper my friends and I wrote after we were curious if a MUD, text games originating in the 1970s, could be used to evaluate LLMs. We've spent the last several months on nights and weekends running this experiment and writing the paper on just our personal computers with about $99 in API credits.
Our experiment did have an interesting leaderboard but even more surprising was the measurements of each LLM. We scored each on four behavioral dimensions, two of which lean heavily on an LLM classifier. When we removed those two, one of the frontier models fell six positions. When we then checked the classifier against a second judge, the per-model agreement between them ranged from 85% to 22%. The aggregate kappa (0.04 on probe detection) indicated the instrument was noisy without saying which models the noise was hitting. The most affected model shared a model family with the classifier. This isn't proof of bias, just one observation we recorded.
We realize LLM judges can be unreliable, and while it wasn't our original intent to test this, it ended up being the most interesting finding. The divergence between the two judges is the finding we think generalizes to other judge-based benchmarks.
We emphasize this is just a proof of concept and not a validated benchmark. We prepared a thorough limitations section in the paper, including just 50 runs per model, overlapping CIs among the top models, no human raters, a tiny environment, etc.
Everything we did is publicly available, the paper and data are CC BY 4.0, while the code is MIT. The paper, transcripts, code, and complete API billing export can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21386663
If you find issues, please let us know, that's why we're sharing this. We're currently designing Phase 2 and want it to be as robust as possible. We're looking at human baselines, multiple judges, more objectives, a larger environment, etc.
A little irrelevant, but I need to vent about something MUD adjacent.
I really wish MUDs were still a thing. The text-based roleplaying communities were largely swallowed by Discord, where as before they existed scattered over proboards, jcink, and a few others.
Discord, being the imperfect text platform, limits the text and leaves most interaction limited by awkward formatting. To boot, even when a better ecosystem is invented, players refuse to give it a shot even if directly invited, because they got comfortable with Discord's terribleness.
It's so frustrating, and I don't know how to voice it, or even what can be done.
Speaking of MUD, has anyone tried attaching an AI to the Hitchhikers MUD[1]?
[1]: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1g84m0sXpnNCv84GpN...
Not Hitchhiker's specifically, we'd considered another existing one but as soon as we started digging into IP law related to MUDs, we decided if we're going to do it, we'll just start our own from scratch.
That’s a fun design that brings back some old memories.
Thanks! Yeah, it started with a friend's idea to take a MUD we played in the 90s / early 2000s that had been open sourced and adapt it to mobile games. He's a middle school teacher and wanted to introduce the next generations to MUDs.
We then decided to pivot and thought, what if this would be a good eval environment for LLMs from the simplistic standpoint of, text is their native environment.
Simutronics is has been running and developing Gemstone and DragonRealms for 30+ years and counting. The communities are about 400-1000 players each. They've embraced microtransactions (in the form of quarterly events), but both games are entirely playable without participating in that aspect.
With modern technology, training in both games is very automatable. But developing and optimizing your training routines is (in my opinion) incredibly fun. Actual roleplaying is less common it was in the 90s, but there are still nightly events where dozens of players will get together to socialize and explore the worlds in-character.
I agree with you. You've also got more / easier competition. IIRC, MUDs peaked in the mid-late 90s. MMOs were really the death knell, then the explosion of other types of games, mobile games, then to your point things like Discord.
One adjacent project we're exploring for the future is if you took all of the current understanding of game design and mechanics with modern AI functionality, knowledge bases, etc, and built a MUD, what would it look like and would it be enough to bring back players from other games?
I honestly worry that the relevance of text-based systems is largely tied with literacy and how it interacts with the player's imagination -- something largely in decline, at least in the US.
Sadly, you're not wrong... It might not get off the ground, but if we're able to, we'll give it a shot.
I really, really hope you lot manage to!
Technically MUDs still are a thing, there's a good number still running. Though sounds like you don't really just want a MUD where you want to go out mobbing but a more social thing (but not IRC?).
I suspect MUDs may have a bit of a resurgence soon, I've seen more and more interest in them as of late simply because they seem like an excellent pairing with LLMs which easily consume text. Though I think for your needs someone would need to work on the barrier to entry to getting on a MUD as well as the modern UI/UX expected today.
You would probably like my project https://github.com/timbran-project/moor
> even what can be done.
I think this could be solved with bridge bots to make your MUD multiplatform. You could have a dedicated web app, an IRC bridge, a Discord bridge, etc.
Discord-brained users can still use your MUD and contribute to network effects, and you can provide an off-ramp ("I just want to play VarelionScape, maybe I'll just open the dedicated website on my phone instead of going on Discord and digging through the server list").
That's a good idea, thanks! We'd only considered the web app + using a client.
ssh to late.sh
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49001127